Reward and Punishment ; a Motivator in Childs Learning

Reward and Punishment: A Motivator in Childs Learning Experimental Psychology Psy 6 Psychology Department Prof. Ryan Tojerros Tricia Mauriz E. Manaman 3F3- BS Psychology I. INTRODUCTION Operant conditioning is one of the many ways of learning, which is constructed by the means of giving rewards and punishment in an individual. The type of conditioning that going to be used in this experiment holds a specific behavior and consequences, consequences could be either a reward or a punishment that could have an effect in learning. Reward and punishment are modulators of an individual’s performance. According to B.F Skinner, internal thoughts could help bring about learning, he thought that external factors could affect†¦show more content†¦This later instruction will not be given to the first group, which is the experimental group to see the difference of their performance when not having any consequences at all. The experimenter chose 22 elementary participants with the combination of different gender. The experimenter chose to have different gender for the participants so that there will be no biases among the gender of the children involved. The expe rimenter divided the participants into two groups to be the experimental and the control group. The form of language that was used in this experiment is Filipino so that the participants would clearly understand the story. The tools that were used in this experiment are the form of instruction that will be used is an oral type, this is chosen by the experimenter because oral form of instruction is the easiest way to make communication with the children without any extraneous variables except noise. The experimenter chose this type of instruction instead of a movie because the movie type or visual type of instruction might catch the attention of the participants and might affect the results of the experiment. Another tool that was used in this experiment is the story that will be narrated to the students, â€Å"Bakit nangangagat ang putakti†. Lastly is the questionnaire that was distributed to the participants, theShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Motivation On Children s Life137 3 Words   |  6 PagesThe early childhood years are the most important period or phase in every child’s life. Positive experiences guide and shape the children’s future and the first few years are considered very important. It helps the brain to develop in a healthy way. Children are born with an innate curiosity to explore the world around them to acquire knowledge. They possess an interest in learning. Hence fostering the innate curiosity is critical during this stage that ensures their future success. Motivation isRead MoreHow Can Teachers Use Rewards And Praise?1362 Words   |  6 Pagesfor learning. For the most part classrooms are orderly and well behaved. Teachers recognize the importance of classroom management and a positive relationship with all students to ensure their learning. Although this is easier said than done, one of the most difficult challenges as a teacher is managing student’s behaviors. If one or a number of students demonstrate n egative behavior it can cause an environment of chaos and disrupt learning for all students. How can teachers use rewards andRead MoreHow Can Teachers Use Rewards And Praise?1435 Words   |  6 Pagesfor learning. For the most part classrooms are orderly and well behaved. Teachers recognize the importance of classroom management and a positive relationship with all students to ensure their learning. Although this is easier said than done, one of the most difficult challenges as a teacher is managing student’s behaviors. If one or a number of students demonstrate negative behavior, it can cause an environment of chaos and disrupt learning for all students. How can teachers use rewards andRead MoreThe Theory Of Reinforcement And Punishment1847 Words   |  8 PagesThe author describes the theory of FB Skinner of Reinforcement and Punishment†, and the popular â€Å"Pop† culture of â€Å"If you do this, you will get that† as tools that can be used to m anage behavior. He explains that the theories of Skinner lead to manipulation of behavior. He claims that punishment is wrong and should not be used, however, reinforcement, reward or praise are controlling, â€Å"rewards control through seduction rather than force.† Managers and educationalists have taken advantage with theseRead More5 Sources of Power1164 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagerial power; coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent power. These five bases of power are divided in two categories, formal and personal power. Coercive and reward are in the formal categories. Legitimate, expert, and referent to are in the personal category. Later I will explain why each power falls into one group or the other. Coercive, most of the time, the negative of the powers is defined as the ability of a manager to punish others. Punishment can range from verbal to reprimandsRead MoreThe Role Of Behaviorism And Cognitive Development Centres On The Premise That People Learn1107 Words   |  5 PagesBehaviourism and Cognitive Constructivism are two prominent theories exploring the ways in which people learn. However, they both take rather different approaches to explain how learning occurs. The leading thinkers in Behaviourism are John Watson and B.F. Skinner and here, their considerations will be compared to and contrasted with, those of Jean Piaget, the pioneer of Cognitive Constructivism. Behaviourism is based on the creation of associations between stimuli and responses by the learnerRead MoreThe Behavioral Policy Of A High School s Learning Strategy Essay1971 Words   |  8 Pagesundertaken as a part of Credence High School’s learning strategy. Our learning strategy revolves around the notion of ‘Tell me I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn†. This policy is a two way process, involving the students as much as involving the teachers. The focus remains on positive behaviour as learning is most optimum when the behaviour is positive and we aim to tackle inappropriate behaviour through a comprehensive learning process. AIM OF THE BEHAVIOURAL POLICY †¢ To provideRead More Motivating Students Essay2214 Words   |  9 Pagesactivate your senses. Motivation to learn is defined as, â€Å"The meaningfulness, value, and benefits of academic tasks to the learner.† (Lumsden, 1994). Students use motivation in the classroom to stimulate their learning capabilities. â€Å" Some students seem naturally enthusiastic about learning, but many need-or expect-their instructors to inspire, challenge, and stimulate them.† (Gross Davis 1993). To properly motivate one must understand a student’s behaviors. Behaviors that include the logical andRead More My Educational Philosophy Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates warned his students over 2000 years ago that the unexamined life is not worth living. (Kreis) This statement, though made so many years ago, mirrors my own beliefs about learning and knowledge acquisition in today’s society. In my own personal philosophy of education, I believe that individuals must continually examine their surroundings and learn from the things they find. I do not believe that just knowing random facts or bits of information is true education. Just as the ancient GreeksRead MoreHow People Learn39 58 Words   |  16 PagesINTRODUCTION HOW PEOPLE LEARN Learning can be defined formally as the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skills. Burns ‘conceives of learning as a relatively permanent change in behaviour, with behaviour including both observable activity and internal processes such as thinking, attitudes and emotions. Burns (1995) considers that learning might not manifest itself in observable behaviour until some time after the educational program has taken place. Learning helps us move from novices

A Time To Step Down Essay Example For Students

A Time To Step Down Essay A Time to Step DownWhen the President of the United States is sworn into office on his inaugural day in January, he is sworn to faithfully execute the supreme laws of the land, our constitution. We elect a new President every four years to run our nation, represent the country, and uphold the constitution of the United States. The President of the United States is the most powerful man in the world and therefore we place trust in him. When the people find out that their elected President lies to them, a bond is broken. That bond is impossible to replace and therefore the president must be impeached or resign. In 1974 the Nation witnessed its first president to resign from office. Due to the mounting evidence of President Nixon role in the 1973 Watergate scandal, (burglars broke in to the National Democratic Headquarters.) Richard Nixon resigned from office, his resignation August 8th due to proof on the following charges including obstruction of justice, abuse of presidential power, and the refusal to obey house subpoenas. Did Richard Nixon resign because he knew that he lost the faith of the Republican Party and most important of all, American people? The American people felt that they were lied to, because of the President denying all charges brought against him. Nixon did the right thing by stepping down and letting the country move on. Richard Nixon saved himself the embarrassment of impeachment hearings and the country more humiliation. Today, once again, a new scandal has broken out in the White House and that is the Monica Lewinsky affair. The story broke out on January 7th and the public was shocked. Many people did not know what to believe because of the nature of the incident. The incident was to be blown into something that was to embarrass a nation for years to come undoubtedly. President Clinton denied having an affair with Ms. Lewinsky for seven months. When asked once if he had an affair, Clinton responded I did not have sexual relations with that woman. He fooled everyone, he lied to the world, lied to his own country. President Clinton lied to our faces. Clinton did not just lie to our faces but also lied under oath about his relations with Ms. Lewinsky. In my opinion he is not to be trusted anymore and he needs to resign immediately. Alone with the lying under oath offense, Clinton also faces other charges including some of those similar to that of the Watergate scandal including obstruction of justice, tampering with witnesses, and abuse of power. This is the man who also took oath an on the Bible to execute these laws with the help of God and all he has done is embarrass the nation and himself. The President has lost his integrity by doing something so stupid that causes everyone to wonder if he has lied about something so petty, what else has he lied about? Why should we go on and trust Bill Clinton? What reason due we have to keep that man in office if he has lied to our faces? The President needs to step down and let the country move on to 21st century with a clear moral conscious that we have seemed to have lost in this incident. If he does not step down, we need to impeach the president to convey a message: in the United States you will be punished for your crimes no matter who you are. The bottom line is that if you commit a crime in any sort you must face the consequences.

Migration Pull Factors

Introduction Migration can be described as a systematic movement of people, organisms, animals and other things from one place to the other. This means that migration can be looked at from various aspects and frontiers (Balin 2008, p. 14).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Migration Pull Factors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Migration pull factors are factors that have ended up encouraging people to move from one place to the other. This is because people migrate or move as a result of these factors. These factors can be looked at from a political, economic, cultural and environmental point of view (Pomfret 1979, p. 13). Discussion International migration has always depended on international income inequalities as time goes by (Pomfret 1979, p. 33). As much as migration has been facilitated by different pull and push factors, it has also been aided by a reduction in communication and transport costs. Therefore, large scale migrations have been driven by economic factors. By doing this, migrants believe that they are moving to better income places than their previous country of origin. This means that most migration activities have been characterized by labor movements. As much as this has been seen in different countries, lack of information has been identified as a problem that needs to be dealt with for effective economic migration (Pomfret 1979, p. 31). Migration barriers have been erected by different countries because the contribution of these workers to the country’s budget is minimal. This factor can be looked at after the assessment of international labor movements has been done. As a matter of fact, many countries have had problems in determining wages that are supposed to be paid to different migrants. This is because people have been moving from high income countries to low income countries to enhance their livelihoods (Ratha 2009, p. 17). Such an aspect can be explained by looking at remittances that have been recorded in recent years.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, India has been the top recipient of remittances from abroad as shown in the graph below. The country has achieved this because of increased migration to the Gulf and other emerging destinations. Source: Ratha, D 2009. In most cases, people migrate to look for better job opportunities and good living conditions. This is because there might be better paying jobs ion those countries. In the long run, they will be able to improve their economic conditions as time goes by. People have also migrated because of various political reasons. In this case, people will tend to run away from their country because it is politically unstable or inhabitable (Legrain 2007, p. 14). By doing this they normally strive to get political and religious freedom that they have been denied in their home countries. As a matter of fact, migrants will escape from war torn countries to go to other peaceful developed countries. It should be known that most of these refugees are asylum seekers who are going to developing countries for their own safety (Ratha et al 2009, p. 19). There has been a stable political environment as the number of asylum seekers has reduced from 13 million to 9 million in 2005 (UNHCR 2009, p. 12). Africa has been prone to political conflicts and therefore recorded a large number of political migrants.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Migration Pull Factors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is estimated that more than 43.3 million people were forcefully evicted in the previous year (UNHCR 2009, p. 19). Most of these evictions were as a result of political instability and conflicts. Other people migrate to enjoy life in other places. This is because they always want to be exposed to new environments. Education has also been a pull factor for migration. In this case, people migrate to other countries to further their education. As a matter of fact, other people migrate to get better medical care in those countries. In this case, the said county might be having better medical institutions. Insecurity has also forced people to migrate to other countries. In this case, people will migrate to safe countries. Other people have been encouraged to migrate because of good family links. This means that they have relatives in those countries and it will be easy for them to settle there. Industries have also forced people to migrate in one way or the other. In extreme cases, people might be forced to migrate because of the urge to increase their chances of finding better courtship. Cultural factors have also contributed to migration activities. In this case, there is a social change, assimilation and the definition of ones cultural identity (Balin 2008, p. 9). As a mat ter of fact, an individual can like a give place and move there as a result of culture. It should be known that all of us might like a given culture once in our lifetimes. Cultural migration is enhanced by community, ethic and family ties that individuals have. Environmental aspects that relate to migration can be explained from seasonal migration. In this case, people migrate because of seasonal weather patterns. For instance, there is the migration of Mexican farmers to the United States for harvests (Legrain 2007, p. 14). In extreme cases, harsh environments can force people to migrate to other safe places that will enhance their livelihoods. Conclusion Migration pull factors are factors that have ended up encouraging people to move from one place to the other. This is because people migrate or move from place to place as a result of these factors. Therefore, large scale migrations have been driven by economic factors. By doing this, migrants believe that they are moving to bette r income places than their previous country of origin.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Balin, B., 2008. State Immigration Legislation and Immigrant Flows: An Analysis. USA: Johns Hopkins University. Legrain, P., 2007. Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them. New York: Little Brown. Pomfret, R., 1979. Population and migration. New York: Prentice hall. Ratha, D., 2009. India is the top recipient of remittances. Web. Ratha, D. Mohapatra, S. Silwal. A., 2009. Outlook for Remittance Flows 2009-2011: Remittances expected to fall by 7-10 percent in 2009. New York: World Bank. UNHCR., 2009. UNHCR chief says 2009 â€Å"worst† year for voluntary repatriation in two decades. Web. This report on Migration Pull Factors was written and submitted by user Iman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The global group of energy and petrochemical companies is a multinational company with worldwide recognition The WritePass Journal

The global group of energy and petrochemical companies is a multinational company with worldwide recognition Introduction The global group of energy and petrochemical companies is a multinational company with worldwide recognition IntroductionBACKGROUND OF SHELLLITERATURE REVIEWCorporate Strategy of shellDeliberate or EmergentBusiness StrategyCRITICAL ANALYSIS  Internal Analysis Inbound LogisticsOutbound LogisticsOperationsMarketing and SalesServicesExternal Analysis: EconomicalSocialTechnologicalPorters 5 forcesPower of SuppliersPower of BuyersThreat of SubstitutesThreat of a New EntrantFinancial ReviewsExisting StrategyFUTURE SPECULATION:-REFRENCES:-Related Introduction BACKGROUND OF SHELL Shell, a global group of energy and petrochemical companies is a multinational company with worldwide recognition. Shell is best known for its service stations and for exploring and producing oil and gas on land and at sea. In truth Shell deliver a vast range of energy solutions and petrochemicals to customers, produce and sell petrochemical building blocks to industrial customers on a global scale, invest in making renewable and lower-carbon energy sources, competitive for large scale use. LITERATURE REVIEW Corporate Strategy of shell By being more upstream Shell aims to focus its investments on long term, high return projects to develop oil and gas resources, and grow the companies leading liquefied natural gas business. Downstream profits involves; generating more cash by reshaping integrated oil products and petrochemicals portfolio to enhance operations and focus on growth markets, particularly in Asia. Shell believes that this strategy will improve their business performance and increase their contribution to sustainable development. â€Å"Stronger emphasis on our upstream activities and fast growing markets will help us deliver the energy the world needs for economic growth and poverty reduction†. Shell aims to increase focus on producing cleaner burning natural gas, in so doing reducing dependency on coal. Shell is aware that the growing demand for oil and gas presents sustainable development challenges. Producing and using this extra energy is only sustainable, and socially acceptable, if ways are found to combat the risks to the climate and avoid health, safety and environmental incidents. â€Å"We recognize that we will not achieve our strategy and improve business performance for our shareholders unless we respond effectively to these key environmental and social concerns†. Deliberate or Emergent â€Å"Deliberateness refers to the quality of acting intentionally. When people act deliberately they ‘think’ before they ‘do’. They make a plan and then implement the plan. A plan is an intended course of action, stipulating which measures an organization proposes to take†. (De-Witt Meyer, 2004) Shells’ planning does not take the form of complex and inflexible ten-year plans generated by a team of corporate strategists. Rather, the planning process generates a series of â€Å"what if† scenarios. â€Å"Scenario planning is the process in which managers invent and then consider, in depth, several varied scenarios of equally plausible futures with the objective to bring forward surprises and unexpected leaps of understanding†. The implementation of the planning process allows Shell to make strategic no matter what the future. For a company like Shell it is necessary to have a deliberate strategy as well as emergent. Plans need to be outlined and addressed in order to set company objectives. Large oil spills or uncontrollable air emissions are never planned, for this reason it is important Shell pays attention to being emergent as then it can encounter any problems that may arise. Below is a model showing the distinction between deliberate and emergent strategy. Business Strategy Business strategy is concerned with â€Å"how firms should go about creating a sustainable competitive advantage in each business in which they operate† (De-Witt Meyer, 2004) CRITICAL ANALYSIS   Internal Analysis From literature review:- Michael Porter identified the ‘value chain’ as a means of analyzing organizations strategically relevant activities in order to understand the behavior of costs. Competitive advantage results from carrying out those activities in a more cost-effective way than its competitors. The value chain tool is a great technique to employ in order to single out the firm’s specific competitive strengths and weaknesses. Porter identified primary and support activities as shown in the following diagram: IMAGE SOURCE:   mbaknol.com As it can be seen above Porter has distinguished between the primary and support activities. For the purpose of this report focus will be given to the primary activities whose direct concern is with the creation and delivery of a product or service. Inbound Logistics â€Å"Activities associated with receiving, storing and disseminating inputs to the product, such as material handling, warehousing, and inventory† Due to the size of Shell, and to ensure the smooth running of the many processes involved in a company of its size, there are strict rules to follow. The 1st step of the inbound logistics is receiving. At Shell the initial step would be to find the oil. This is of huge importance and the company invests a lot of money to use statistical analysis to determine the location of oil. Once locating the oil it is essential for Shell to draw up exploration contracts with the countries within whose boundaries the oil was first established. Once the contracts have been approved and negotiations agreed the company can then start its drilling process. Shell’s subsidiary company â€Å"Shell Shipping† is used to ship oil to relevant locations. After the distribution of the oil to its desired location the next process is for it to be stored. Outbound Logistics â€Å"Activities associated with collecting, storing and physically distributing the product to buyers, such as finished goods warehousing, material handling and scheduling† Having recognized how the company extracts and then stores the oil the next process is to successfully distribute that to customers. Having processed the oil in its refineries, the oil is driven out to relevant service stations throughout the country by freight management. Once it arrives at the service station the oil is distributed to different pumps and then is ready for use by its consumers. Operations During this stage of the value chain process, goods are manufactured or assembled. Due to the large number of processes involved in extracting and processing oil, we can establish how large the operation base is at Shell. Shell places a great emphasis on conducting operations in the right and accurate manner. It will be detailed in the operations as to how much fuel needs to be distributed to relevant service stations as well as stating what type of fuel is needed. This is sensitive data and incorrect judgments could result in huge revenue being lost. Marketing and Sales This area focuses strongly upon marketing communications and generating sales. Industry sectors like the oil industry have to try and differentiate their products from those of their competitors. Customers view their end product, petrol, just like that of any other commodity. Shell recognizes the need to build brand loyalty and to establish a returning customer base.   The best way to do this is through advertisement. This report will move on to discuss how Shell has used advertising to its advantage. Services For Shell, after sale service is a difficult benefit to offer. However, as petrol is a consumable commodity it is not something that can be returned or exchanged. Once the petrol has been purchased by consumers it is not within the companies interests to accept an exchange. Shell believes it is necessary to maintain a good name and reputation. The customer satisfaction programme focuses on customer and consumer ratings at BP in comparison to relevant competition. Evaluations are based on actual experience with BP and its competitors. Measures attained in this way tend to be more operational in nature focusing on market execution. External Analysis: From Literature review:- A PEST (Political, Economical, Social and Technological) analysis is used to analyse the external environment. Below a Pest analysis has been conducted; Political: factors that need to concern shell are as follows: Government Taxation Shell having interest in Unsteady Countries Government taxation is a concern for the oil industry because it is already heavily taxed and more taxes could start a process whereby people would start moving away from petrol to find cheaper more sustainable products. Shell have interests in countries where there is no political stability or where there are chances of dangerous wars breaking out. Such as Iraq and Nigeria this is very damaging especially when a company like Shell has invested millions of Pounds on exploration and drilling. Economical The cost of petrol continues to increase causing consumers to wrongly blame the oil companies.   The price of oil is managed by OPEC, an international price fixing body. The OPEC MCs coordinate their oil production policies in order to help stabilise the oil market and to help oil producers achieve a reasonable rate of return on their investments. This policy is also designed to ensure that oil consumers continue to receive stable supplies of oil. Social Consumers are more ethically inclined and the ethical marketplace, in Britain alone, is currently worth 14 billion pounds.   While petrol may not be seen as an ethical purchase, petrol companies can, as well as advertising their product, inform the consumer of the Company’s commitment to the environment. That is advertising the fact that they deal in sustainable energy products. Technological The oil industry is becoming aware of the need to produce efficient and environmentally conscious fuels. We cant use fossil fuels forever as they are a non-renewable and finite resource. Research suggests that we should start using hydrogen. Hydrogen is a colourless, odourless gas that accounts for 75 percent of the entire universes mass. Porters 5 forces There are five stages to the Porters model. These are shown below. Competitive Rivalry One enduring characteristic of the oil industry has been change. Competitive rivalry in the oil industry is very high due to there being very little difference between the products of all the suppliers. BP has learned to be responsive to change and indeed to be at the forefront of the change process. It is not commonly known that oil is refined at shared premises, so in reality all petrol is the same, regardless of the company label given to it and as such competitive rivalry is high. On 11 October 2007, BP announced their intention to simplify their organizational structure. From 1 January 2008, there are only two business segments exploration and production and refining and marketing. Power of Suppliers There are no direct suppliers of the oil industry, and in the case of Shell there are none whatsoever the company has subsidiary organisations to handle all aspects of what the company does.   Countries could be defined as suppliers, since it is there that the oil comes from, but the effect over the oil companies is limited to the law. Power of Buyers Buyers have no power over the oil industry since oil is a commodity that is always in demand. Threat of Substitutes At present there are no substitutes for petrol. While hybrid vehicles are making their presence known, electric cars are not as powerful as fuel consuming cars and are not in demand by the consumer. Threat of a New Entrant It is difficult for a new company to break in to the oil industry as the cost of entry is pricey. Current competitors in the market are having a hard time finding new oil reserves. Porters five forces model is essential in helping understand the industry in depth before any consideration is given to entering it. Financial Reviews Even though the accounts show profits and financial figures from the year 2001-2005, it can clearly be seen that BP has generated a greater amount of revenue. If the financial information is going to be compared to today’s age then BP still lie ahead. Existing Strategy An organization and its environment need to fit. This is expressed in terms of the classic SWOT analysis tool. The tool suggests that a sound strategy should match a firm’s strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) to the opportunities (O) and threats (T) encountered in the firms environment (De-Witt Meyer, 2005) SWOT Analysis Strengths The UK offshore oil and gas industry provides an important indigenous energy supply. As well as being used for energy purposes, oil and gas have other uses, notably as a source of feed stocks for the petrochemicals industry. Much of the UK industry boosts employment in areas where it would otherwise be very low as a result of the declines of shipbuilding, the UK steel industry and other large industrial sites. Weaknesses Large UK offshore oil and gas reserves are becoming more difficult to find and develop economically. Some UK fields are depleted and companies active in the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) are now faced with the burden of dismantling and disposing of offshore structures in an environmentally acceptable manner. Variations in oil prices and the unpredictability of international politics mean that the UK offshore oil and gas industry fluctuates in response to these forces. Opportunities Many of the newer discoveries are smaller and more difficult to develop than most of the older fields, thereby presenting a commercial and technological challenge for the innovation of new, economically viable ways of extracting oil and gas. Having now worked in the UKCS for several decades, UK companies, suppliers and consultants have built up extensive expertise that can be utilised overseas. Threats Large international oil and gas companies are placing a greater proportion of their resources in regions outside the UKCS, where development and operational costs are lower than they are in the UK. FUTURE SPECULATION:- Having critically evaluated the strategy of Shell I feel there is a need for them to improve in order to fulfill the desire to become market leader and overtake BP. The company emphasizes through its strategy that it is very environmentally and socially conscious yet its not doing a great deal different from other companies out in the market. I feel now is a good time for shell to invest in something new like hydrogen fuel cells or wind and solar energy.   Hydrogen as a fuel is high in energy, yet a machine that burns pure hydrogen produces almost zero pollution A new investment is expensive but the benefits are huge as it is a new innovation which has been on the cards for sometime. Investing in fuel cells will limit the damage caused to the environment as the technology is environmentally friendly. Millions of pounds, required to clean spillages/leaks, will be saved and a positive public image will be established if not further reinforced. The company has done a lot of research into this technology so it is not something that they have not considered. In the future, hydrogen could also join electricity as an important energy carrier. An energy carrier stores, moves and delivers energy in a usable form to consumers. Shell realizes that hydrogen is a fuel for the future but it needs to be more pro active rather than re active. It should try and introduce this technology into the market REFRENCES:- Bibliography Books .Porter, M.E (1987), From competitive advantage to corporate strategy, Harvard Business Review, pp.43. Hamel, G, Prahalad, C.K (1989), Strategic intent, Harvard Business Review, pp.63-76. RAPHAEL, A. and ZOTT, C. 2001. Value Creation in e-Business. Strategic Management Journal, No 23, pp493-520. Porter, M.E (Response to letters to the editor), Harvard Business Review, pp   COLTMAN, T. R., DEVINNEY T. M. and MIDGLEY, D.F. 2007.   E-Business Strategy and Firm Performance:   A Latent Class Assessment of the Drivers and Impediments to Success. Journal of Information Technology No 22 pp87-101. MOLLER, K. and RAJALA, A. 2007.   Rise of Strategic Nets – New Modes of Value Creation. Industrial Marketing Management No 36 pp895-908. PORTER, M. E. 2001.   Strategy and the Internet. Harvard Business Review, March, pp63-78. SHAFER, S. M., SMITH, H. J. and LINDER, J. C. 2005. The Power of Business Models. Business Horizons No. 48, pp199-207. Websites www.essentialaction.org/shell www.shell.com www.shell.com/static www.juergendaum.com/news www.ukeducation.org.uk (www.alphonso.cipher-sys.com) www.valuebasedmanagement.net www.opec.org energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter20.html www.keynote.co.uk

Building the Nation Future Leaders

Ma’am and Sir, Good morning! With my great desire, to be one of the guest speakers at today’s event; I accept the challenge and invitation of the teaching staff of this institution to challenge everyone today! It is a great privilege and opportunity for me to speak in front of you as a challenger of your mind and hearts to give an inspirational message that will challenge everyone today! You truly deserve to give pride to yourself as you step into another ladder of your success. It’s been unforgettable event that we should reminisce every now and then the significant marked of our lives as we give priority to our achievement in the field of learning. We bind us one today to celebrate the fruit of our sacrifices; your unsung hero shows their unfading support behind your success as they watch you to recognize this day, your ever loving teachers honored you for the commendable appreciation of your great work during learning process and the person who is one way of molding your life interest and being proud to yourself that you have done the great job in schooling. Our Theme: â€Å"Building the Nation Future Leaders through the K to 12 Basic Education Program or the K to 12 Basic Education- Tungo sa Paghuhubog ng mga Makabagong lider ng Bansa. I would like to talk first about the program of Department of Education in order for us to understand well the message of our nation for us as a stakeholder of change. The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (6 years of Primary Education, four years of juniors High School, and another two years of Senior High School) which provide our learners to undergo suffici ent time for mastering the concepts and skills presented during learning process. Enhance the abilities and capacities of our learners, and prepare our graduate to higher education, job employment, and business or entrepreneurship. The K to 12 Basic Education Program is a key chain to success because it helps our graduates to become ready and more successful to go in their different paths, Maybe some them will proceed to tertiary education, for employment, or do a business. We strongly believed that this changes in our Educational Program will affect our way of living, to give us hope for a better future because our young leaders equipped with different skills in different learning areas, trained and prepared them to become an agent of change; Formal Education will make us living if we seized the right opportunity given to us. Let us work hand in hand for the betterment of our future, Let us let other known about this program, and encourage them to have a full support in achieving our Country’s progress. You as a graduate have a vital role to strengthen your great potential to become a partner of change. You will be one of the backbones of our K to 12 graduates sooner and later know that you will have to deal with changes, both big and small, continually. Be prepared to be flexible and to adopt as needed. Here are the three things to consider on becoming more successful in achieving our goals in life and to become a productive leaders someday: 1. Heads-up to your great potential. Sometimes, we may not realize the essence of our abilities. But there’s a gift given to us by our omnipotent master to give our full potential to become the most successful person. We may become successful beyond of our wildest dream. You should know yourself better, Identify your strength and weaknesses and facing the real you. The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself to it and believe that you can do something. The first thing that we need to consider is to open your eyes to your great potential by setting your mind and goals in life. Mind setting (power of imagination) is a tool for showing your potential to become great individual for the next days. Because of it, you can now set your goals in life. Some great person believed that goal is vital. â€Å"People with goals succeed because they know where they’re going. † According to -Earl Nightingale. â€Å"The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself to it. † -Mack R. Douglas. Formal education will make you a living. Self-education will make you a fortune. † â€Å"Unless you change how you are, you will always have what you’ve got. † â€Å"We all have two choices; we can make a living or we can design a life. † I want you to â€Å"Take up one idea and act on it. Make that one idea your life. Think of it, dream of it, and live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, and every part of your body be full of that idea and leave all other ideas alone. This is the way to success. † According to SFI Rules to Success; setting goals is so easy to do, yet 95% of people never set goals. They just never take the time. And who do you think are the most successful, highest-earning people in the world? The 5% group of course! If you want to be in the 5% group, don’t even think about ignoring goal-setting! 2. Begin with realistic plan (winning starts with beginning). If you sealed with something and you fell not moving on your way, start to get started and start whatever you had right now. There’s no perfect time to wait, do the best job you can and always keep learning and moving ahead. Who among you here have a Facebook account? What is the first thing you do in getting connected with that social networking? Just to sign up and get started, right? â€Å"You don’t have to be great to get started, but you have to get started to be great. † -Les Brown, â€Å"Everyone who got where he is had to begin where he was. † -Richard L. Evans. â€Å"Failing to plan is planning to fail. † â€Å"Without goals, and plans to reach them, you are like a ship that has set sail with no destination. † -Fitzhugh Dodson â€Å"Most people have no idea of the giant capacity we can immediately command when we focus all of our resources on mastering a single area of our lives. – Anthony Robbins. â€Å"Nothing can add more power to your life than concentrating all your energies on a limited set of targets. â€Å"- Nido Qubein. â€Å"What you choose to focus your mind on is critical because you will become what you think about most of the time. â€Å"- Noel Peebles We cannot become successfu l in aiming at something, if we are trying to do many things just for once. We should be realistic in our planning and concentrate your thoughts upon working hand in hand. As they say, chase two rabbits and you’ll catch neither! â€Å"Success demands singleness of purpose. – Vincent Lombardi â€Å"No life ever grows great until it is focused, dedicated, disciplined. – Harry Emerson Fosdick. 3. Live with your goals and persist until you win. We don’t need to invest so much to earn something and to pay for our reward. â€Å"Success seems to be connected with action. Successful people keep moving. They make mistakes, but they don’t quit. â€Å"-Conrad Hilton. â€Å"It’s when things get rough and you don’t quit that success comes. † â€Å"Other people and things can stop you temporarily. You’re the only one who can do it permanently. -Zig Ziglar Don’t let little problems upset you. Concentrate on the positivesâ⠂¬ ¦ and the â€Å"big picture. † Also remember that the only thing that will never change is that there will always be changes (especially in today’s rapidly evolving world). Don’t let changes upset you. Know that you will have to deal with changes, both big and small, continually. Be prepared to be flexible and to adapt as needed. â€Å"Learning is very fun and lifelong process† which I always emphasize in the field of learning because it awakens our interest to learned. At your youthful stage, there is an eagerness to learn in every chance as you participate inside the class. Your teacher taught you so much how to become smart, how to behave, how to learn, how to work effectively, how to perform a task and know how to accept student’s responsibility. I know each one of you possess a precocious gift from God. Who among you here wants to be a Doctor, Nurse, Lawyer, Engineer, Military, Teacher, or a President? Then don’t stop learning. ALWAYS REMEMBER THIS THREE WORDS: DON’T STOP LEARNING! ANDEA, ISIDRO JR B. KABACAN WESLEYAN ACADEMY HIGH SCHOOL DEPARMENT Building the Nation Future Leaders Ma’am and Sir, Good morning! With my great desire, to be one of the guest speakers at today’s event; I accept the challenge and invitation of the teaching staff of this institution to challenge everyone today! It is a great privilege and opportunity for me to speak in front of you as a challenger of your mind and hearts to give an inspirational message that will challenge everyone today! You truly deserve to give pride to yourself as you step into another ladder of your success. It’s been unforgettable event that we should reminisce every now and then the significant marked of our lives as we give priority to our achievement in the field of learning. We bind us one today to celebrate the fruit of our sacrifices; your unsung hero shows their unfading support behind your success as they watch you to recognize this day, your ever loving teachers honored you for the commendable appreciation of your great work during learning process and the person who is one way of molding your life interest and being proud to yourself that you have done the great job in schooling. Our Theme: â€Å"Building the Nation Future Leaders through the K to 12 Basic Education Program or the K to 12 Basic Education- Tungo sa Paghuhubog ng mga Makabagong lider ng Bansa. I would like to talk first about the program of Department of Education in order for us to understand well the message of our nation for us as a stakeholder of change. The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (6 years of Primary Education, four years of juniors High School, and another two years of Senior High School) which provide our learners to undergo suffici ent time for mastering the concepts and skills presented during learning process. Enhance the abilities and capacities of our learners, and prepare our graduate to higher education, job employment, and business or entrepreneurship. The K to 12 Basic Education Program is a key chain to success because it helps our graduates to become ready and more successful to go in their different paths, Maybe some them will proceed to tertiary education, for employment, or do a business. We strongly believed that this changes in our Educational Program will affect our way of living, to give us hope for a better future because our young leaders equipped with different skills in different learning areas, trained and prepared them to become an agent of change; Formal Education will make us living if we seized the right opportunity given to us. Let us work hand in hand for the betterment of our future, Let us let other known about this program, and encourage them to have a full support in achieving our Country’s progress. You as a graduate have a vital role to strengthen your great potential to become a partner of change. You will be one of the backbones of our K to 12 graduates sooner and later know that you will have to deal with changes, both big and small, continually. Be prepared to be flexible and to adopt as needed. Here are the three things to consider on becoming more successful in achieving our goals in life and to become a productive leaders someday: 1. Heads-up to your great potential. Sometimes, we may not realize the essence of our abilities. But there’s a gift given to us by our omnipotent master to give our full potential to become the most successful person. We may become successful beyond of our wildest dream. You should know yourself better, Identify your strength and weaknesses and facing the real you. The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself to it and believe that you can do something. The first thing that we need to consider is to open your eyes to your great potential by setting your mind and goals in life. Mind setting (power of imagination) is a tool for showing your potential to become great individual for the next days. Because of it, you can now set your goals in life. Some great person believed that goal is vital. â€Å"People with goals succeed because they know where they’re going. † According to -Earl Nightingale. â€Å"The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself to it. † -Mack R. Douglas. Formal education will make you a living. Self-education will make you a fortune. † â€Å"Unless you change how you are, you will always have what you’ve got. † â€Å"We all have two choices; we can make a living or we can design a life. † I want you to â€Å"Take up one idea and act on it. Make that one idea your life. Think of it, dream of it, and live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, and every part of your body be full of that idea and leave all other ideas alone. This is the way to success. † According to SFI Rules to Success; setting goals is so easy to do, yet 95% of people never set goals. They just never take the time. And who do you think are the most successful, highest-earning people in the world? The 5% group of course! If you want to be in the 5% group, don’t even think about ignoring goal-setting! 2. Begin with realistic plan (winning starts with beginning). If you sealed with something and you fell not moving on your way, start to get started and start whatever you had right now. There’s no perfect time to wait, do the best job you can and always keep learning and moving ahead. Who among you here have a Facebook account? What is the first thing you do in getting connected with that social networking? Just to sign up and get started, right? â€Å"You don’t have to be great to get started, but you have to get started to be great. † -Les Brown, â€Å"Everyone who got where he is had to begin where he was. † -Richard L. Evans. â€Å"Failing to plan is planning to fail. † â€Å"Without goals, and plans to reach them, you are like a ship that has set sail with no destination. † -Fitzhugh Dodson â€Å"Most people have no idea of the giant capacity we can immediately command when we focus all of our resources on mastering a single area of our lives. – Anthony Robbins. â€Å"Nothing can add more power to your life than concentrating all your energies on a limited set of targets. â€Å"- Nido Qubein. â€Å"What you choose to focus your mind on is critical because you will become what you think about most of the time. â€Å"- Noel Peebles We cannot become successfu l in aiming at something, if we are trying to do many things just for once. We should be realistic in our planning and concentrate your thoughts upon working hand in hand. As they say, chase two rabbits and you’ll catch neither! â€Å"Success demands singleness of purpose. – Vincent Lombardi â€Å"No life ever grows great until it is focused, dedicated, disciplined. – Harry Emerson Fosdick. 3. Live with your goals and persist until you win. We don’t need to invest so much to earn something and to pay for our reward. â€Å"Success seems to be connected with action. Successful people keep moving. They make mistakes, but they don’t quit. â€Å"-Conrad Hilton. â€Å"It’s when things get rough and you don’t quit that success comes. † â€Å"Other people and things can stop you temporarily. You’re the only one who can do it permanently. -Zig Ziglar Don’t let little problems upset you. Concentrate on the positivesâ⠂¬ ¦ and the â€Å"big picture. † Also remember that the only thing that will never change is that there will always be changes (especially in today’s rapidly evolving world). Don’t let changes upset you. Know that you will have to deal with changes, both big and small, continually. Be prepared to be flexible and to adapt as needed. â€Å"Learning is very fun and lifelong process† which I always emphasize in the field of learning because it awakens our interest to learned. At your youthful stage, there is an eagerness to learn in every chance as you participate inside the class. Your teacher taught you so much how to become smart, how to behave, how to learn, how to work effectively, how to perform a task and know how to accept student’s responsibility. I know each one of you possess a precocious gift from God. Who among you here wants to be a Doctor, Nurse, Lawyer, Engineer, Military, Teacher, or a President? Then don’t stop learning. ALWAYS REMEMBER THIS THREE WORDS: DON’T STOP LEARNING! ANDEA, ISIDRO JR B. KABACAN WESLEYAN ACADEMY HIGH SCHOOL DEPARMENT

Report of Construction Project Network Diagram Essay

Report of Construction Project Network Diagram - Essay Example In the context of this report, the project manager of Company A had initiated with his team the use of network diagram in order to acquire an accurate calculation of the whole duration of the project. Each individual activity to be undertaken was given a specified time of completion before starting the next activity. In the analysis done using the said instrument, there are two factors to consider in determining and calculating the whole duration of an activity. These are the forward pass – the early or late start and backward pass – the early of late finish. The critical path was chosen from the longest duration taken after calculating the earliest and latest event times in order to allow adjustment which activity needs speed up. Float was also calculated using the network diagram in order to determine the duration of activity delay that the project can permit before the project becomes late. A Gantt chart will provide a clear view of the critical path in the project. ... ws the sequence of the activities or tasks to be carried out, the amount of time needed to complete the activity as well as the whole project, the dependencies of activities and which activities need more attention. It is widely used by many project managers because it helps them to identify the most efficient sequence of events within the required time for the completion of any project. Example of network diagram can be shown in the succeeding part of this report. 3.0 Network diagram analysis Analysis of the network diagram is very necessary to evaluate the sequence of the activities and to construct a network with a timeline for the project. In order to carry out the analysis successfully, the project manager should consider the following fundamental steps: 1. Draw the calculations of the earliest and latest event times. 2. Draw an activity analysis table showing the results found which include the activities, duration, and earliest and latest event times. 3. Calculate the float, f ree total and independent float of each activity. 4. Produce a Gantt chart showing the timeline of the project’s activities. 5. Produce a histogram of all activities resource requirements. As noted by the project manager each activity needs at least one work crew. 6. Carry a resource leveling exercise to produce a smooth resource histogram. –Within the constraints of the critical path duration found- 3.1 Redrawing the diagram The figure 1(network diagram) below shows a simple example of network diagram and the calculation of time duration of the project using the forward pass and backward pass method of time management. It also exhibits the dependency of each task to be undertaken for the accomplishment of the project. Base on logical explanation, the predecessor task/activity should be

A critical analysis of article-3 of the European Convention on Human Dissertation

A critical analysis of article-3 of the European Convention on Human Rights - Dissertation Example Every human being needs the fundamental rights as a primary requirement in their life,which feciliates them with security to live their life in present day world.The basis of this right is the respect to the human values by securing the human rights. The basis of this right is the respect to the human values by securing the human rights. On the contrary, ECHR is all set to work for the protection of human rights in th european countries. However, some of its policies regarding certain humain rights are still not worth effective. As, Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, prohibits torture â€Å"inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment†. In other words we can say any intentional act by which severe pain or suffering is caused physically or mentally to a person. The definition has tried to cover a huge objective scope, rather than becoming subjective and more definite. Resultantly, due to its infinite nature, the Article 3 has been a critical issue. There is a lack of exact definition and clear meaning of torture mentioned in the article. Nevertheless, torture has a wide range, from normal torture to severe punishment and that may vary in different age group. But, Article 3 does not seem to cover all the aspects of human rights. Initially the UK Court had restrictive view on what consisted of torture, preferring to find that states had inflicted inhuman and degrading treatment. Though ECHR is fighting for the rights of children and protect the children from violations but the criteria it has designed is not able to act effectively. Thus the court held that practices such as sleep deprivation, subjecting individual to intense noise and requiring them to stand against a wall with their limbs outstretched for extended periods of time, did not constitute torture1. On the contrary, there is a necessity of giving more emphasis on the rights of the children, because they are the usual victim of torture and prohibitions, which deprive them of th e human rights in their normal day to day life. That may lead to troublesome life of the children. In such case, the convention’s Article 3 seems to be insufficient to provide protection to the children in an authentic way. Keeping in view, the importance of child’s right The United Nations Convention on the Human Rights of the Child defines a child as a human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier, 2 agreed by 192 of 194 member countries. Biologically, a child is anyone between birth and puberty or in the developmental stage of childhood, between infancy and adulthood. Children generally have fewer rights than adults and are classed as not able to make serious decisions, and legally must always be under the care of a responsible adult.3 The positive side of European Convention on Human Rights is their step towards the reforms in human rights and possibly, there are chances of more amendments and impro vement in the capacity of the policies; enabling them to protect the children from any kind of abuses. Due to the lack of contents in the Article 3 of European Convention, The UK Court has emphasized the fundamental nature of Article 3 in holding that the prohibition is made in absolute terms, irrespective of a victim's conduct. The Court has also held that states cannot deport or extradite individuals who might be subjected to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, in the recipient state.4 If we look at the history of torture, it was first used in the ancient Greeks and Romans for interrogations. Torture was used only on slaves until the 2nd century. But, gradually that started spreading to all the sections in lower class people. Statement of a slave was valid, only if it has come out through torture.5 But at the present scenario when we talk about child torture and their right it would be important to find the definition of torture and its relevance with child†™s right. Torture, according to the United Nations