How Does McEwan Tell the Story in Chapter 9 of ‘Enduring Love’? Essay

Ian McEwan uses a variety of techniques in order to tell the story throughout the novel ‘Enduring Love’. Looking at Chapter 9 in close detail I am going to analyse the ways in which McEwan tells the story with the use of form, structure and language. The majority of the novel is told in the first person however chapter 9 has a third person narrative and is in the present tense. McEwan uses Joe’s narratives in order to explain Clarissa’s perspective. This shifting perspective gives the reader a chance to see Joe from another person’s point of view. By using Clarissa’s perspective, McEwan has created a sense of empathy towards her as Joe is ‘conversationally deaf and blind’ towards her feelings. However it could be argued that this chapter of the novel is more Joe trying to understand Clarissa’s point of view rather than actually telling the story from her perspective, showing the reader only what Joe think she feels other th an what she actually does. Creating an unreliable narrative. Also in chapter 9 the genre is portrayed as more of a romance than a thriller as McEwan uses contemporary romance rather than scientific vocabulary within the narrative, ‘Where’s my kiss? Hug me! Take care of me!’ The use of this romantic narrative takes the novel away from the typical thriller genre in order to tell the story. Although chapter 9 is shown to be of a romantic genre, it still includes conventions which McEwan uses to suggest that the novel is a psychological thriller. The use of a relationship breakdown within this chapter gives the reader this idea. As well as this, towards the end of the chapter the reader is reminded of Joe’s stalker, ‘he sees Parry waiting for him at the end of the brick path he does not even break his stride’ The fact that Jed Parry is waiting at the end of the road for Joe also brings back the idea of a psychological thriller genre. McEwan uses the pace within this chapter in order to effectively tell the story, at the beginning the pace of the narrative is slow, Clarissa is tired and the use of sentences and description suggest that she is calm. It isn’t until the argument breaks out between Joe and Clarissa that the pace begins to pick up. This increased pace within the narrative shows the anger and frustration within Clarissa and is the first sign of the relationship breakdown. Throughout the chapter McEwan shows a sense of frustrated within Clarissa, ‘She stands in the bath and snatches a towel to cover herself’, the idea of ‘snatching’ seems out of character for Clarissa and helps to portray her anger towards Joe and his growing obsession with the accident and the idea that Parry is stalking him. Furthermore, McEwan uses figurative language in order to tell the story, ‘he’s raising his voice over the thunder of the taps’, this use of language could be seen to foreshadow the thunderous argument with is later going to happen between Joe and Clarissa. The irritation within Clarissa is presented in this chapter through the use of figurative language, ‘Joe is hanging in the frame of the bathroom door like some newly discovered non-stop talking ape. Talking, but barely self aware’ Using this quote within the narrative shows how much Joe is getting on Clarissa’s nerves, supporting the idea of a relationship breakdown. The fact that Joe won’t stop talking while she’s trying to relax builds tension within the narrative as Clarissa’s frustration begins to increase suggesting that an argument is about to happen. Throughout chapter 9, Clarissa presents the idea that Joe may not be sane as she discards his claims about Jed Parry, ‘you were so intense about him as soon as you met him. It’s like you invented him’ she suggests to the reader that Joe is imagining everything to do with Jed and the idea that he is stalking him, Clarissa believes that it is just an effect after the traum a of the balloon accident, leaving Joe unstable and ill. McEwan uses this to give the reader another perspective of Joe’s claims as until now we only see the idea that Jed is following Joe. Within this chapter of the novel, the reader becomes aware that Joe is in turn becoming obsessed with Jed, ‘you ought to be asking yourself which way this fixation runs’ Clarissa suggests Joe’s obsession at the same time as discarding this claims about Jed. However at the very end of the chapter we see that Jed is waiting for Joe at the end of the road, reassuring the reader of the reality of the stalker and giving the conventions of a psychological thriller. McEwans use of Jed in this chapter is important as it gives the reader an element of trust within it’s narrator as they begin to believe Joe’s perspective over Clarissa’s.

Causes of Unemployement

Causes of unemployment According to a number of economists the rate of unemployment in the united States has not declined now for some time. It is believed that this is due to a lack of education and skills that those who are seeking work have, as the numerous jobs and careers that have been created since our economic shift are specialty Jobs, which require technical training and certifications to be considered as a candidate. So our current situation may seem to be the same problem as before, but It Is not due to lack of Jobs presented In the Job market, Just rather suitable positions for those homo are seeking work.As much as the rapid development of the modem technology and requirement of the new skills, which disqualify more people than ever before, the gap between the Job vacancies and people who are actively seeking Jobs Is becoming larger and continues to expand. It Is not entirely due to the mismatching of the Job requirement and candidate's lack of educations or skills: It I s primarily due to the companies and firms reducing their demand for resources, especially labor. According to Anthony Calaboose's article, if every one of the public ND private sector job openings were filled by tomorrow, there would still be nearly 1 1. Million people out of work. However, before the recession the gap was much lower, coming in under a million. If it were Just structural unemployment, the gap would not be this large and the companies would eventually fill the positions; however, it takes longer time to match the perfect candidate. Whereas, the unemployment rate keeps increasing and has yet to go down since the recession, it only makes sense that the cyclical unemployment has taken place in the job market.

Comparing Financial Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Comparing Financial Systems - Essay Example Economic globalization is the utopia towards which the world is moving. Yet, it is deemed to be practically impossible due to the different financial systems that exist in different countries. While some countries have a severely competitive market, others have a bank based economic system. Bank based system poses to secure ‘and mobilize savings, allocating capital, overseeing the investment decisions of corporate managers and also providing risk management vehicles.1’ Whereas, the market system is more competitive in a dual way. Different companies in the market are competing with each other and also the companies compete with the banks, which are still considered to be the conventional mode of getting savings earned by people. Yet, in the countries like U.K and U.S.A, people do risk to invest in the share markets and other companies which often help them earn more money than bank interest. Many analysts across the world have suggested that the market based financial sy stem is more lucrative than the bank based system, but the risk factor involved is also very high as compared to the bank based system, which has minimal risk factor. Now a study on the different financial systems of the world is bound to raise crucial questions which will be chronologically answered in the report. Chapter 1 Broad Classification of the Financial Systems – Bank Versus Market The development of any country is based on the reforms introduced and to introduce any reform, a stable financial system is very necessary. Structural reforms are mostly based on the financial system of a country. Most developing nations which have a centralized economy lack a full fledged financial system which is a big disadvantage for them. Financial system has a vast positive impact of financial development on economic growth and development 2. The financial structure among countries can be either bank based or market based or underdeveloped. The underdeveloped economies have both unde rdeveloped banks and market values. But flourishing financial systems can fall into either bank based financial system or market based one. It is popularly assumed that bank based financial systems are less flourishing compared to the market based ones but Japan stands as the biggest flourishing example of bank based financial system. Countries with a stronger economy and monetary strength have better developed financial systems. The countries which have a higher income always tend to get inclined towards the market based financial system because in these countries the stock market has higher efficiency and are relatively more active compared to the banks. The countries which have low corruption and protect shareholder’s rights are more inclined to the banks as they are looking for security more than earning 3. The bank based concentrates on the different roles of the banks such as getting information about the firm, the board of directors and trying their best to improve the allocation of funds as well as corporate governance. It also

MNC Now and Then Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MNC Now and Then - Essay Example Contemporary MNCs are able to do tackle the challenges with the use of sophisticated technologies, advanced management models, and effective leadership, which will be continued to be put in use even after decades. Many management models and concepts consider human resources as the core elements of success. The resource-based view of the firm also emphasizes human resources as one of the most critical resources of any firm, which would include all employees (Armstrong, 2010). With the advent of virtual team working concept, many practices have been identified and are being implemented to effectively manage virtual teams in many multinational companies across the world (Caligiuri, Lepak & Bonache, 2010). Of these, one of the best practices that is being followed currently and can be continued even in future is the practice of enabling individual members of the virtual team to benefit from the team (Caligiuri et al, 2010; p.119). This practice is based on the principle that employees need to be motivated continuously in order to derive greater performance and productivity from time to time. Employee motivation concept has existed ever since the concept of management began, or, maybe, even before that. The need for motivation is a natural psychological and sociological phenomenon that will continue to exist in future too. Hence, it is important that employers put in all possible efforts to keep their employees motivated in all circumstances. This becomes even more important in virtual teams because of challenges such as lack of personal contact, differences in understanding owing to cultural differences, potential technological glitches, etc. In contemporary MNCs, practices that make virtual team members feel belonged to the organization are adopted in the form of rewards and recognition, team meetings through video conferencing, onshore and offshore learning and working opportunities etc. All these practices

Properties of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Properties of Life - Essay Example All organisms and plants are made up of millions of cells. The basic structure of a cell is the same in all organisms. It is the smallest unit of life. It comprises of a nucleus and a membrane surrounding the nucleus. Homeostasis is a mechanism that is present in living organisms. It is the course by which plants and animals maintain their internal environment as the external environment changes. In humans, the production of Insulin and Glucagon hormones is a mechanism that looks to ensure that the sugar levels in the organism are under control. Metabolism refers to the chemical reaction within the body that handles the maintenance of energy. Different animal’s burn, fats and carbohydrates to produce energy for their activities. The metabolic rate of an organism is dependent on the activities that the animal performs. Responsiveness refers to the ability of organisms to react to the external changes. For example, during the cold, birds fluff their feathers. The feathers trap a ir in between them and the layer of air acts as an insulator from the cold. Different animals and plants have means by which they respond to the external environment. By doing this, the plants and animals can protect themselves from harsh conditions. Reproduction is the epitome of life. For this reason, once, mature, animals reproduce and give birth to offsprings that continue their line. Reproduction is one of the most important qualities as no animals can sustain their life forever. When living things, die, they do not fade away into oblivion.

Conservation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Conservation - Research Paper Example Consequently, the government has limited fishing and tourist activities in this region, as a result. Sadly, this wonderful feature has recently come under threat from the least expected source: the government. While an argument is being fronted to justify the government’s decision, conservationists feel otherwise. This paper seeks to highlight the present state, including facts, about the Great Barrier Reef. Further, the steps taken by various bodies, including the government in preventing damage to this all-important habit will be provided. In short, this paper provides some of the features associated with the Great Barrier Reef, threats it faces and the most effective efforts to save the habitat. Right from the onset, factual statistics shows that Australia has close to one million species, which includes 80% of the mammals in the world, and a further 90% of reptiles. Sadly, its ranking concerning the most endangered animals is alarming as it is currently ranked first (Seay, 2013). Beneath it is a diversity and abundance of shapes, colours and sizes. For instance, there is a semblance of soft and hard corals; annual migration of whales, nesting turtles and coral spawning occurs annually. In addition, the renowned Cod Hole found on the Lizard Island is actually a major reason for tourists to visit Australia. Some of these animals have the Great Barrier Reef as their habitat meaning the region ought to be a highly conserved place. Currently having more than 2,900 reefs, 900 islands and covering an area of 1400 miles, this region found on the coastal side of Queensland, gives life to a number of animals in Australia. In addition, Great Barrier Reef offers a great resource for scientific research with scientist visiting the area to conduct important tests. In addition, the Sea cow, commonly known as dugong and the green turtles are only found here, and face extinction

Financial Management in Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Management in Health Care - Essay Example These aspects of management aim at ensuring organizations operate within profitable margins in ensuring continuity of the organization. The management ensures that organizations find sustainable sources of funding for various activities. Financial management in healthcare takes various perspectives depending on the source of funding for organizations (Gapenski, 2009). Balance sheets, for example, remain some of the best known indicators of financial performance within an organization. Balance sheets form a fundamental element of assessment of the financial position of an organization during specified period. The information contained in balance sheets remains similar within different entities but the functions performed by the balance sheets differ. Profit organization In profit making healthcare organizations, the financial structures of organizations aim at utilizing financial resources to achieve monetary gains. These entities operate like other businesses whose fundamental object ive remains making profits from financial resources. The financial management of these entities aims at maintaining profitability for the organization. All financial decisions implemented in these financial entities seek to ensure that the organizations remain profitable and competitive within the industry (Nowicki, 2008). The funding for these organizations comes from returns on investments made by the proprietors of the organization. These organizations offer services according to the available finances available for specified services. The functions performed by financial statements differ between healthcare entities depending on the financiers of the establishments. The financial statements for these establishments ought to be presented to the proprietors of the organizations. All expenditures for these organizations should be accounted for in the organization’s balance sheet. Presentation of the balance sheet remains critical in the financial structure of these organizat ions. Within other healthcare entities, like those owned by the government, the information contained in the balance sheets becomes supplemented with relevant data pointing at the organization’s objectives. Achieving the organizational objectives remains the fundamental aim of the organizations. These organizations aim at maximizing their profitability from financial and monetary resources available within the organization. Financial management within these organizations aims at utilizing the available financial resources to achieve maximum returns on investments. The funding for the organizations comes from owners’ equity among other financing options. The entities operate with financial resources that should be refunded to the financiers. The fund could be borrowed from finance institutions and payments should be done from the ensuing profits (Finkler & Ward, 2006). Profitable operation of these institutions remains essential in ensuring completion of the repayments. Other healthcare entities, like the non-profits organizations, never have to repay the operating capital. These organizations operate to offer services to specified individuals according to the demands of the financiers. As opposed to other healthcare entities, profit making entities do not have restrictions, from the financiers, regarding the customers whom to render medical services. The decisions of the management regarding utilization of financial resourc

Differentiate between Management and Leadership Essay

Differentiate between Management and Leadership - Essay Example As the report stresses the terms management and leadership have been defined and discussed with different words and perceptions ever since their evolution. To better evaluate the distinction between these two terms, it is imperative to have an insight into their meaning and essence. Bateman-Snell describes management as â€Å"the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals†. Management is about having the work done through other people under a set of pre-defined policies and procedures to fulfill the organizational goals. By the definition, a manager strives to achieve set goals through proper utilization of what is available him, in the form of human and other resources. This study discusses that outstanding leaders combine good strategic substance and effective interpersonal processes to formulate and implement strategies that produce results and sustainable competitive advantage. The definition reflects that true leadership never relies on accomplishing a goal only under some pre-defined policies. It takes to have the ‘strategic substance’ blended with ‘effective interpersonal processes’ to lead a team in a highly competitive environment. At the heart of leadership is the act of swiftly adapting the strategies to the demands of a given situation in the pursuit of obtaining the desired results. Bateman and Snell identify management in the spectrum of its four functions viz., planning, organizing, leading and controlling.

Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Report - Coursework Example The objective of this investigation is to solve and look at some of the mathematical questions asked in the report. The main research topic of this mathematical investigation is maximization and minimization of variables (Berry & Ken 1995 pp24). The report aims to use differentiation in determining the maximum as well as the minimum variables in the question asked. In this section of the report, the report focuses on finding solutions to numerous questions asked in the report. The questions have different approaches but under the same topic. All the questions are based on maximum and minimum variables. The solutions to the mathematical issues are given below as; In conclusion, the research purpose was to compare between the giant and feel the fear. The aim was to determine which is bigger, the first question and the second question are the determinants for the research question. In order to determine the maximum and the minimum variables in each question, calculations were used following the processes that are used to approach mathematical issues such as the modelling of mathematics. Mathematical modelling is essential and relevant in solving certain mathematical problems. Each question asked in the report is answered accordingly through the use mathematical modelling and other important tips involved in approaching such mathematical

Response #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response #1 - Essay Example the lives of the manual labourers, he himself spent time as a manual worker at a blast furnace in Hungary, at an engineering factory in Chicago, at a furniture factory in Russia and at an office in Zambia. He undertook each of these experiences with a scientific and unbiased spirit so as to yield authentic material for his research on socialism. Burawoy’s theory of the extended case method necessitates sensitive and reflexive interaction between the researcher and his subjects. He believed that the research scholars must try to extend their own experiences into the lives of their subjects. They should refrain from thrusting their own principles on them as it makes their analyses shallow and biased. To yield successful in-depth analysis, researchers must volunteer to spend prolonged durations at mines, factories, offices and other study sites. They must adopt a bottom-to-top approach in order to gain and convey a more genuine and reliable analysis of the processes of globalization. This extended case method of research and theorising has gained huge popularity worldwide in the sphere of social sciences. The extended case method, in its search for the unforeseen aspects of social truth, attempts to use social occurrences as a tool to refute traditional theories. It clearly lists out the elements that one can usually anticipate at a study site. It aims to extend the same law as an explanation to as many phenomena as possible, while admitting the impact of external forces in the creation of social situations. It seeks to reveal the effects of the macro environment on the micro environment. The social situations are not used to explain or elaborate the already existing theories, but are preconceived as anomalies to the accepted truth. The existing social theories are then looked up to for seeking an explanation of the anomalous situation. The areas where the existing theories are rendered inadequate are used as a scope for revision, rectification and innovation.

Whiteness studies Essay Example for Free

Whiteness studies Essay ?In essence, it’s a simple concept: white privilege refers to the both minor and significant advantages that white people have in today’s American society. To be honest reading this article was a huge eye opener for me. I still struggle with both believing that white privilege exists and figuring out how to get rid of it. I have never felt that I was privileged to be white, however, I suppose that could be because as McIntosh states â€Å"whites are carefully taught not to recognize white privilege† After reading McIntosh’s list of the daily effects of white privilege I now understand these privileges and can put myself into the shoes of other non-white individuals to see how they would perceive me as a privileged white woman. I have never thought of myself as being privileged, or better in any way that those that I come in contact with. The concept of white privilege does not deny my individual hardships that I’ve dealt with throughout life. Hardships can be circumstantial, they can be something we are born with, or even something that we cause on our own. These circumstances are for the most part out of our control. Some hardships are related to race, and those who haven’t experienced those particular race-related hardships, I now suppose are white. In most ways conferred dominance and the fact that whites have been labeled as superior in any way is the exact opposite of the way I feel about myself, and the way I view others in my daily life. After reading McIntosh’s article, White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack, I suppose that I do see some advantages that I may have just always taken for granted. The one that may seem silly, but I’ve always wondered about is: why do they only make white â€Å"flesh† colored band aids? I t seems like a no brainer to me to make them in all flesh tones. In my school community which consists of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grade students I struggle to pick out white privileges. I do not feel that any of our teaching staff or administrators see themselves as dominant over any other race or culture within our school community. I suppose that the fact that our school principal, secretary, and most teachers are white would portray dominance within our race. The majority of our staff speak English, however we do have several bilingual teachers and staff members. In the classroom environment, other than our bilingual classrooms the population of white students is greater than that of any other race. As a teacher I am committed to equality and treating all of my students fairly and as equals in our classroom community. I do not think that 7 and 8 year old white students see themselves as dominant of more important than any other classmate. I can, however see how a Black, Hispanic, or students of other cultural background would feel at times to be the minority. I think that this feeling, however is taught to them at home, or somewhat of a learned feeling of identity. In my school community we do our best to incorporate other cultural history into our curriculum by designing lessons that educate our students about important people in our history from a variety of cultures. The majority of our schools population is comprised of white and Hispanic students. I think that as a whole we could do a better job at integrating more of the Hispanic culture into our school’s curriculum. After reading this article I now find myself more aware of the white privilege that I do hold, and am definitely going to work toward building my daily classroom routines and lessons to include a wider variety of cultures and discuss current events around the globe that my students can relate to.

Civilizations arose Essay Example for Free

Civilizations arose Essay In letter from Birmingham Jail, King considers the question, How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others? what is his answer? what do you think of the distinctions he makes? be sure to support your position with evidence taken from your reading, your own experiences and/or your observation of others. By definition, laws must be followed. They are created as guidelines such that there would be peace and order. However, there are those people who do not support the laws; some because they do not know what they are, others because they are just naturally stubborn but there are also those who do not advocate them because they do not believe in what those laws stand for. One classic example of the last reason for disobedience to law can be manifested in Martin Luther King Jr’s Letter from Birmingham Jail. Here the question How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others? was asked, to this, he raised the idea of just and unjust laws. Genius as he was, he was able to present a clear explanation of what he meant by such concepts and I am more than impressed with his qualification, which made me agree about his interpretation of this delineation of laws. Indeed, it is justified not to advocate â€Å"unjust† laws because they are not completely binding, thus, are discriminatory over the minority. In the question asked above, King answered â€Å"The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that an unjust law is no law at all. †Ã¢â‚¬  For someone to accept King’s argument, his idea of â€Å"just† and â€Å"unjust† laws must first be cleared out. In the said letter, He says â€Å"An unjust law is a code that numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself. By the same token, a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow and that it is willing to follow itself† (160). This was corollary to his arrest while doing protest against racial segregation. The protests and Kings confinement ask us about unjust laws, public morality, and ethical behaviors in the society. King talks about the blindness of clergymen and governors and how they do not see African American as a part of the society and their refusal to accept them when in fact, African Americans have taken their parts in the society ever since they came to America. The author questions the churchs authenticity and loyalty over their religious responsibility to guide everyone to the eternal will of God which is peace and love. He also points out how we naturally know what is right and what is wrong because we have moral consciousness. Yet, the American society has not changed a bit. Further distinction between â€Å"just† and â€Å"unjust† laws as presented by King lies on their relationship with the moral law, or that which is according to the law of God. Just laws made by men must be in harmony with eternal and natural laws and that they should be able to uplift human personality, otherwise, they are unjust. Thus, men are to uphold the earlier and by virtue of morality should denounce the latter. He then stressed that segregation statutes are unjust because the practice distorts the human soul and also causes damage to one’s personality. This is because it makes the segregator develop an idea of superiority over the segregated and oftentimes make the latter feel inferior. It creates a separation between â€Å"we† or the majority and â€Å"they† the minority and they usually make the second group feel less about their selves and are actually not treated as equals. This was the scenario that was taking place during that period, there were discriminations against the Negros, and such was strongly opposed by king. Taking all that has been said in the Letter, I am able to derive my own understanding of the just and unjust laws that King was talking about. In my comprehension, he considers a law unjust if it is selectively applicable. This means that a certain law can be bestowed to one but will rule out the other. In simple comparison, it is like politics inside the classroom. There is always this â€Å"in† (i. e. cheerleaders, athletes) group and the â€Å"outcast† (i. e. geeks, nerds, physically challenged, etc) and there are instances that the earlier will come up with something (like parties, games, etc) and they would allow everyone to join except for the â€Å"outcast† group basically because they are outcast and the status quo embraces such tradition thus will not see anything wrong about it. This may seem to be an oversimplification of the idea but that would somehow present the gist of it. The presence of what could be considered as unjust laws can actually still be seen at present. In Islam practicing countries, they have this culture of having certain rules to follow and distance to be maintained when interacting with Na-Mahram or those people other than the members of their family. Thus, if they reacted rudely to the Na-Mahram, their actions would be justified by this certain law or rule. They will be punished if they did wrong to people other than the Na-Mahram otherwise, their action is generally called for. In this scenario, the law or rule only applies to the favor of the Islam practitioner and excludes the Na-Mahram, thus if examined under King’s concept, it is unjust. Moreover, I have read about this country in Asia wherein the President has been ousted out of power and was convicted of a crime of plunder. Unjust application of the law can be seen here because that President did not serve his sentence in prison, rather in one of his mansions claiming to be sick; they called it house arrest. Then, after several years, he was granted absolute pardon by the new President. The worst thing about this is that the deposed President was again given the chance to run for the same government post came Election Day. There is an apparent double standard in the application of the law because of all the favors that this person got as if compared to the common people who had to serve their sentences in the scanty and stinky prison cells, convicted or otherwise. Civilizations arose as early as the practice of socialization began and as early as those times, men are already suffering from unfair treatments. There were different people in different places, but majority of them rather lived under the rules than by the rules because the rules were unethical and inequitable. The history of slavery in America is a good example of unethical conduct. There were rules and laws, but they were for superiors because enslaved people had no rights at all. Moreover, these rules, regulations, and laws were unfair and one-sided. The fight for the right of suffrage is yet another example because although it is a sign of independence, initially, only males of the upper class are allowed to participate. Blacks and women are disregarded; they were exemptions to the rule. Given the understanding of unjust laws, Martin Luther King Jr indeed cannot be blamed for being selective of the laws to follow because certain laws are also selective of their application. Why would one advocate a law that would disadvantage or would undermine him? Laws should be created to provide order and peace so that people will leave in harmony and not to perpetuate the power or dominance of the majority over the minority. All people have rights, thus all people must be equal in front of the law. No man shall be superior over the other and if one errs he shall have the same punishment as the others who committed the same crime. There should be no exemption to this no matter who they are or where they came from. Therefore, if one country, state or nation would want their laws to be advocated by all of their citizens, they must ensure that they create one body of law that would cater to everyone; no exemptions, special treatments or discrimination. Laws are virtuous if they are created and are applied as such; otherwise, disobedience by the marginalized groups could not be prevented nor could be questioned.

Globalisation Effect on Singapore

Globalisation Effect on Singapore Globalization can be described as an ongoing process where resources, believes, ideas and technology from different cultures are integrated to each other and promote new ways of thinking and practices among the society. As a continuing progression, globalization aroused from the influences of other cultures, which has been adapted with the local cultural conditions and modified to fit in the context of social behaviour. The external influences will directly override some local particularities, and the culture itself will be altered, or maybe damaged, or even enhanced, according to the perspective of society life. Therefore, the expression of culture itself will be interpreted and analysed in different way which encouraged the people to think, act, and learn the new disciplines in every aspect of life. These processes, hence, have an outcome of a cultural diversity, in which introducing the local values in global culture. In other words, it offered a global and local linkage of social changes that happened in the nation. Looking through the contemporary social life, globalization has become a major issue all over the world. Many countries have developed new approaches in most of the living aspects, and transformed peoples lifestyle in order to follow the major flow that happened globally. In todays modern days, globalization can act as a tool to open the opportunities of influence by other countries, and expand the cross-cultural interaction that may build up the cohesion among the nation. Globalization, however, implies to westernization in present days. The nature of western countries seems to appear as a science based tradition and the world is highly developed towards that tradition, as a sense of control. These global forces appear to superficially standardized and homogenized cultures, and equivalent to westernization. Majority of cultures are converging to the western standards, local identities have been replaced with global culture, and western values have become significant trends in this modern world. Looking at Singapore, a cosmopolitan city, where variety of cultures merges together, is one of a good example of a country that embraces globalization. Besides accepting the westernization, Singapore has been spanning borders through other cultures, such as Malay, Chinese, Indian, and Caucasian. These four interwoven cultures has created a genuine blending of traditions, believes, and ideas. A fusion of cultures in which Singapore brought in, has created a multi-disciplinary notions and practices, rooted in many cultural traditions. This synthesis has altered and transforms the peoples way of life according to the local context. On the other hand, not only western value that the world, including Singapore, has been developing on, but also majority of the countries have welcoming influences from Asian culture. Japan has brought a significant shift in the worlds globalization. Beside westernization, it has been become a popular culture among the world. Japanese culture has generated a different approach in global trends. Its tradition does not rest on science based technology and for them technology is a choice, not a necessity. Japan has greatly developed their long standing traditions towards something that instinctive rather than rationalistic way of thinking, like what the western do. Japan has its own original characteristic, which has a capacity to adapt and integrate new forms and function. Hence, there is no doubt that Japanese influence has an impact on the worlds culture, such as, in space, design, architecture, style, and even food culture. There is no large city in the world in which a Japanese restaurant cannot be found. Far from being a passing fad, Japanese cuisine is an establishment item in restaurants all over the world. The popularity of Japanese food is in part due to its reputation as a healthy alternative and also the curiosity and willingness to constantly introducing new tastes in their daily meals. Japanese way of dining, since the olden days, has put emphasized on food arrangement as a piece of art. For the Japanese, food must be enjoyed visually and pleasing to the eyes. They have developed the aesthetic sense to design exquisite harmony between colours, texture and shape throughout the food arrangement. This visual pleasure is an essential prelude and accompaniment to the savoury pleasure that follow. The influence of Japanese cuisine has been successfully creating a new atmosphere in Singapore food culture. It is proven that Singapore people accepted the taste and ambience of Japanese food by looking to the increasing number of sushi chain restaurant, such as Sushi Tei, Sakae Sushi; numerous traditional and contemporary Japanese restaurant, and also Japanese themed food court such as Ishimura and Manpuku. The diversity of food which has been influenced by Japanese cuisine, has become an inspiration for the designers to introduce innovative and exciting solutions to design dining spaces, through the essential aspect of Japanese dining and design in new ways that suit todays restaurant-goers. Recognizing the context of social behaviour in Singapore, innovation is the key elements for Singaporean. In terms of food culture, people like an excitement and it is a challenge for them to try something fresh and different, both in food and also ambience of dining space. Experience is another strong point, another extra ordinary atmosphere can attract people to get in and try a new restaurant. Besides the tendency to look for new things, the image of Singapore as a fast paced country gave an impact to the society. The time-oriented and multi-tasking people have built a busy working environment and hectic lifestyle in this metropolis city. Consequently, they are likely dont have time to have the luxury of enjoying social fellowship during the weekdays. This could be why it seems that forms of entertainment in Singapore tend to be designed to fit peoples activity on weekends. The big leisure activity that Singapore offers is shopping. There are numerous numbers of malls and shopping centres have been build or even renovated to drag people in the shopping as an attraction. Other than shopping; casinos, theme parks, nature reserves, are the other forms of leisure that Singapore provided. Despite the fact that all those type of facilities can serve as a very relaxing and stress relieving activity, people need to spend their time on weekend to do these activities.

Slavery In America Essay -- Slavery Essays

Slavery in America Introduction There has been much debate on the topic of slavery in the early times, although most of the countries considered slavery as a criminal activity. Some countries such as Myanmar and Sudan do not abolish it. They even expedite the slavery system. It is no doubt that slavery violent the human rights. However, it was commonly spread in the early times from 17th to 19th century. In this research, I will talk about the origin of the slavery, the reasons for people to becoming slave and the life of the slave. The Definition of slavery In 1926, the Slavery Convention defined slavery as "...the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised..." In the modern society, slave is a person who is controlled by another using violence or other methods. They do not have permission to escape, they will be returned to their master if they tried to do so. In general, the definition of slavery does not have much change between the early and the modern times, the only difference is the status of slaves would inherit from their mother and father and most of the slaves would keep their status from birth to death. The Origin of Slavery in US When we talk abut the Slavery of American, we must first know the reasons why the slave were mainly came from Africa. There are two reasons. The first reason is racialism that the black skin color of Africans becoming target of the European slave traders. Second, it was because slavery had already existed in Africa before it spread to America. Also, black people have strong body which can resist many diseases and endure the heat of the raging sun. In the16th century, Caribbean, Saint Kitts Nevis, and Virgini... ...s feeling. Conclusion I come to conclude slavery is the product of human fs avarice, conceit and selfish. Because of the benefit, we can destroy a person fs life without feeling any guilty. It is really disappointed and disgusted to look back the history of slavery. It let me see the evil part of human being. But I think it is right to do so. It is a good lesson for us, because it tells us that we should learn from the past, in order to prevent it from happening again. It also reminds us everyone should have been treated equally no matter what their race, creed, or color are. Today, freedom and equality are weakening day by day. The African American story is still replaying on every part of the world, not only between black and white people, but people of many different nationalities. Stories will never end, until equality is created in the heart of each person.

Littleton :: essays research papers

It seems for the past week or so, the entire world (yes, world, when I was in Spain they showed news coverage of this 24/7 too) has been shaken up by the school shootings in Littleton, CO (I think thats the name of the town, though don't hold me to that). What amazes me about this story is not the fact that two people went into a school and shot a bunch of people (apparently this is the seventh in-school multiple homicide in teh past 18 months), its the fact that the media has given extensive coverage this, and has exploited it for all its worth. I suppose with the impeachment trial over and done with, and the only thing remaining of that issue is a few jokes, the media needs something new to pounce on and make a dollar off of. And they have done just that. Everywhere I turn someone is talking about how terrible this tragedy is. Don't get me wrong, I think the senseless killing of people, which is pretty much what happened in this case, is wrong. The two boys who did this probably wa nted to kill themselves, and figured they'd make as big of an exit as possible, and in doing that, they have succeeded. Thats not the thing that really bothers me though, its the fact that a nation like America (and other nations too, most of my knowledge of what happened came from a British paper) can exploit something like this, and the masses can swallow it up. But I suppose it makes good news. Who is the sicker person in this case? The nazi boy who goes into a school, kills about ten people or so, or the average American who buys the newspaper with the headline of "NEO NAZI MASSACRES INNOCENT TEENS IN SCHOOL"? The boys who did this knew very well that if they were to pull off something like this, they would have the entire country (and others) all wrapped up in it. If they seriously wanted to kill people, and nothing else, they would have just blown up the entire school with everyone in it. But they didn't, and they have gotten everyone all caught up in the story. I've seen it described as "one of the worst tragedies in history". The people that make those statements have swallowed this lie hook, line, and sinker.

A Modern Synthesis of Science with Eastern Christianity Essay -- Philo

Introduction Since the dawn of consciousness, humans have strived to understand the world around them and their place in it. From the first naturalistic surveys of the flora and fauna of the earth painted on the rocky walls of fire-lit caves millennia ago to the enormously complex investigations into quantum physics ventured at today’s particle accelerators, human curiosity has known no bounds. By way of organizing the countless questions posed and answers sought, broad conceptions of "science," "reason," "philosophy," and "religion" have been created and debated by humankind for centuries. Beginning in earnest during the Age of Reason following the Renaissance, two distinct ways of understanding the world seemed to form. On one hand, understanding could be realized by rational thought, reason, and the applications of science. On the other, understanding could be achieved by faith in some divine presence, the application of religion. A philosophical conflict quickly developed between the t wo camps: what should reign supreme in human understanding of the world—science or religion? The debate had no clear-cut answer, and only tautological methods of prioritizing one over the other. Various ways of relating science and religion have been proposed and adopted in the past century or two. As summarized by Ian Barbour in his Religion and Science, philosophers concerned with the interaction (or lack thereof) of science and religion have been left with four broad options: Conflict, Independence, Dialogue, and Integration. The divisions proceed from fundamental ideas about how science and religion, in very general terms, operate and work in the world. Conceptions separating science and religion philosophically, arguing that they serve... ...otheses, models, experience, intuition, hypotheses, models†¦) . That the priorities of science and religion, and the pathways that each entity uses to progress, are so similar, and yet the entities themselves so separate, leads quite nicely into the dialogue position. Any consideration (investigations into the character of some object or an answer to some question) can involve both types of inquiry: "Nothing excludes the co-existence of faith and science when faith is not imaginary and science does not falsify its positive character with the use of metaphysics." Though full and harmonious integration may not be possible, a very useful, satisfying, complete dialogue between the right religious tradition and most scientific philosophies may easily produce a harmonious, complementary, synthesis to grant a better understanding of humanity and its place in the world.

Do You Think Adhd Is a Genuine Disorder or Just a Normal High Energy

ADHD Brandy Fields Chapter 13: Do you think ADHD is a genuine disorder or just a normal high energy? Researchers say that ADHD is not caused by too much sugar or poor schools, but they have found that kids who watch a lot of TV when they are toddlers are more likely than average to display ADHD symptoms when they are 7. It often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior. The U. S. National Institute of Mental Health reports that ADHD is heritable and they are trying to find out which genes are the culprit.Critics said that in the decade after 1987, the proportion of American children being treated for ADHD nearly quadrupled. By 2005, a Gallup study showed that ten percent of American 13- to 17-year-olds were being medicated for ADHD. Some of its symptoms can include: always being energetic, chattering away, darting from one activity to another, rarely settling down to read a book or focus on a game, fidgety, reckless and reacts to small things. Docto rs keep diagnosing kids with ADHD and then treat it with stimulants like Ritalin & Adderall that aren’t supposed to be addictive.I personally think that ADHD is too often diagnosed as a psychiatric disorder when it’s usually just normally high spirited kids. I think it goes back to our parental skills and styles. When we leave our kid in front of the TV for it to babysit them for us, what do we expect? Kids are supposed to be full of energy and curious about the world. If we don’t let them run that energy off by doing constructive positive things, it will just build up and turn into hyperactivity and even aggressiveness. I think it is ridiculous that we have children and then are too busy to have time to raise them properly.Then we wonder why we have heathens running around. I believe if we raise our kids the right way (yes, it is difficult, no one said it would be easy), ADHD wouldn’t be as much of an issue as it is today. I also feel like drugging our c hildren to fix our mistakes are completely 100 percent wrong. I think that medicines like those are a very bad choice for our children. Maybe in a few years or decades, we will see the damaging long-term effects that they have on our children more clearly, but by then it may be too late. I hope not. Do You Think Adhd Is a Genuine Disorder or Just a Normal High Energy ADHD Brandy Fields Chapter 13: Do you think ADHD is a genuine disorder or just a normal high energy? Researchers say that ADHD is not caused by too much sugar or poor schools, but they have found that kids who watch a lot of TV when they are toddlers are more likely than average to display ADHD symptoms when they are 7. It often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior. The U. S. National Institute of Mental Health reports that ADHD is heritable and they are trying to find out which genes are the culprit.Critics said that in the decade after 1987, the proportion of American children being treated for ADHD nearly quadrupled. By 2005, a Gallup study showed that ten percent of American 13- to 17-year-olds were being medicated for ADHD. Some of its symptoms can include: always being energetic, chattering away, darting from one activity to another, rarely settling down to read a book or focus on a game, fidgety, reckless and reacts to small things. Docto rs keep diagnosing kids with ADHD and then treat it with stimulants like Ritalin & Adderall that aren’t supposed to be addictive.I personally think that ADHD is too often diagnosed as a psychiatric disorder when it’s usually just normally high spirited kids. I think it goes back to our parental skills and styles. When we leave our kid in front of the TV for it to babysit them for us, what do we expect? Kids are supposed to be full of energy and curious about the world. If we don’t let them run that energy off by doing constructive positive things, it will just build up and turn into hyperactivity and even aggressiveness. I think it is ridiculous that we have children and then are too busy to have time to raise them properly.Then we wonder why we have heathens running around. I believe if we raise our kids the right way (yes, it is difficult, no one said it would be easy), ADHD wouldn’t be as much of an issue as it is today. I also feel like drugging our c hildren to fix our mistakes are completely 100 percent wrong. I think that medicines like those are a very bad choice for our children. Maybe in a few years or decades, we will see the damaging long-term effects that they have on our children more clearly, but by then it may be too late. I hope not.

Critically discuss different possible meanings of justice

As master copy W mature commented in that location is non satisfactory translation of arbiter. What is considered ripe in a detail case is what appears conscionable by a honourable man. Similarly, the thing that appears reasonable to a reasonable man would be considered as reasonable. However, some volume may foresee referee as applying the same rules in the same manner to all(a) give tongue to. In early(a) course, treating similar cases a kindred. But w and then again, this could identicalwise lead in retributoryness. Because people admit varied definitions of justice, the issues of beauteousness and impactity aid support the concept.This shows the link surrounded by rectifyfulness and justice. However, it helps identify miscarriages of justice where people argon wrongly convicted of criminal offences. Aristotle who was an ancient elucidateic philosopher, was one of the first to put ahead his look on. His theory was that a just rightfulness is one th at would enable people to effectuate themselves in conjunction. Meaning the guard should produce justice. This made him differentiate the concept into both types distri unlessive and markive justice. Distri only whenive justice is the allocation of as chastises with the thoughtl of achieving proportion consort to each individuals claim.You green goddess read alsoJustice System Position piece of musicIn other words, all benefits and burdens should be distri stilled fairly. On the other hand, corrective justice is when soul disappoints distributive justice, they should accordingly be corrected. One could oppose distributive justice by some wrongdoing. This could thence be corrected by courts, prisons, injunctions etc. The principal(prenominal) aim of this is to redistribute the assets, which then leads to a fair system. However, on that point argon to a greater extent varied theories on the analogyship between uprightness and justice. For instance, the theory of nat ural equity and utilitarianism.The theory of natural rightfulness is an idea that all police force is ultimately derived from a divine source which is higher than a man made police force. Aristotle call backd that this higher law was derived from nature. However, St. Thomas Aquinas believed that this higher law was derived from God. Therefore each law that is against the gentleman good or even against Gods get appear is non true law and should not be adhered to. But then this delegacy that natural law theorist would not plunk for by the profound rules of the realm as these ar not Gods rules. But, in actual fact they should be obeyed, as not doing so would result in social disorders winning business office.The theory of utilitarianism takes a look at familiarity as a whole nation, not an individual. The principal(prenominal) proponents of this theory atomic number 18 John Stuart donkeywork and Jeremy Bentham. They believe that a law is just if it benefits the maj ority of the people even if it results with wickedness for the minority. Proponents do not however deplete a look at the law, but also take into circumstance the yield of the law to see if the eruptcome is just towards federation for the greater number. If a law benefits much people at bottom fellowship than what it harms, then this would be grapplen as just in the eyes of utilitarianism proponents.The reproach of the utilitarianism approach is that it focuses on justice for the rules of order as a whole, but what is to run a risk with the one who doesnt attain justice callable to the majority. Doesnt that individual obtain a right to justice and a fair examination? For example, in the case of R V Brown (how? ) Furthermore, there are more theories on the economic view of law and justice like economic analysis, Rawls theory, Nozick and the marginal state, Karl Marx and lastly Hans Kelsen. Economic analysis is a theory that works on the arse that e trulything has a financial value.Regardless if you are buying something, or if you are sell it, it still has a financial value. The primary(prenominal) conflict is the balance between the involve of the society and the take of the individual. This is a very similar theory to that of the utilitarianism. For example, if a everyday practitioner would have to pay i500,000 for the running(a) ser wickednesss in order to consort on an individual, who would he operate on the one who has a career profound condition which would use closely of the work out up, or one whose condition is not life threatening and wouldnt use most of the budget up?For this scenario to be fair, I feel that regardless of the financial value, if the practitioner is able to declare oneself the service he should do so. This is because it erects more of a just manner as someone who was of an amphetamine class would still require the operation and change the outcome of a life threatening to a non-life threatening. Ones fin ancial billet should not intervene of the law acting fair and just to an individual. Jhon Rawls theory was that the society should decide and blueprint a set of conventions which is just for the greater good of society.This way, the g all overnment activity as easy as society know that these laws bequeath be adhered to, and looked up to. This is because they are the laws which society produce and are more imaginary for the majority than having level-headed laws by the government. By designing a set of principles, the society would have to reduce their position inside society. For example, the rich, poor, disabled, young, old etc. However, this could be a disadvantage as the rich would design principles that favour them and vice versa for the poor. Those who are not disabled would design laws to suit their needs, not taking into consideration the needs of the disabled.But then it was argued that the authorized position one is meant to be in at the time of setting the princi ples, they should be s passelty from personal bias and take the needs of the society into consideration, without cosmos selfish and feel at only their needs. However, this could be a limitation as some of society may feel that they were the least advantaged of the group. This would then lead to a disagreement of a set of elemental rights and principles, which each particle would find acceptable for their own requirements.He argues that there are two basic principles first one being that a set of liberties would be available to all, like freedom of thought, speech and conscience. But then it would be compromised to abide the needs of the greater good. For example, because of having the commonplaces interest to consider, you would disregard a perilous criminal their right to liberty. The second principle being that each individual should have equal opportunity as well as equal distribution. Rawls considers equality as in the distribution of wealthiness. Inequality is only al lowed to help the mast disadvantaged.These principles could then be argued as it does not state what is meant by fair, as this could mean it also does not outline or give a interpretation as to what the basic rights and principles are of a human being. Could the basic right and principles be to have food and shelter on their plate, or would it be to have the freedom of speech etc. Nozick and the minimal state, is roughly how the state should have a stripped interference in peoples lives, following a just society. The state should restrict to provide society with the basic needs like protecting one from theft or force.He felt up that if ones property or wealth is licitly and fairly obtained, then it is yours to keep. Property can be legitimately and fairly obtained in 3 ways just acquisition like acquire something healthyly, just transfer like acquire something from another legally, and lastly just chastisement following an unjust acquisition like returning stolen property to its rightful owner. Nozick does not look at how wealth should be redistributed to gain equality but in fact if you have bring home the bacon something legally and fairly, it is yours to keep.He does not believe in the fact that property can be owned by the State, but it is owned by the individual. The main objurgation for this theory is that it states that people, who dont have wealth, should not be helped from the state. If this was to become the reality, how do individuals be nail for a good job, if capital personnel casualty is there to prevent them? Karl Marx theory is that the law and legal system should intervene in the life of society to redistribute the wealth amongst all.He thought that wealth and property should all be distributed in pact with ones capacity and needs. This is because Marx rejected capitalism and felt that it was unjust to the society by having it utilize within the law. He feels that within a capitalist society all law is unjust. This is because it repre directs the means by which one class oppresses the class or classes below it. Therefore, their view is to redistribute the wealth equally within society regardless of ones financial shape. As illustrated by the Soviet Union of the problems of communism. noble justices are the mechanisms put in place to try and support a just society. It would be satisfied by the unvarying and impartial application of rules and procedures without questioning the fairness and rightness of the outcome. These mechanisms within the legal status sire sure that everyone is minded(p) equal intercession no one is at a disadvantage than the other. The manner of interpretation and applying rules of law and enforcing decisions can be seen as formal justice. Therefore, equality in treatment is preserved.The Police and Criminal Evidence incite 1984 state the police powers and instructions for how a public place should carry out their duties creating fairness and consistent acts. For example, whe n a suspect is being interviewed within a police interview room, whatever activities are carried out within the room are declared to the tape. So, if someone came in showing secernate, it willing be stated who came in and what evidence was found. This will occur with all people who are being interviewed. Similarly, if someone had been stop and searched, the police would have to ensure that they meet the requirements to stop and search.By having these procedures for the public permission to meet, it ensures the fairness within society will be gived and maintained. In other words, people would abide by them which will create fairness within society do the outcome correct or right for society. By allowing individuals access to legal advice and repre displaceation, prevents grafting from occurring. In other words, by having someone present at the time of being questioned, the defendant could bribe public authority to acquit them. This then leads to an unfair rivulet which is not c onsistent and adherent to the rules.However, if a solicitor was present at the time, and there were recordings of the activities which took place during the room, it would be explicit as to whether bribery was taking place, if so, defendant can be prosecuted. By allowing the same rules applying to all individuals. The case of R V Thames Magistrates speak to Ex parte Polemis, illustrates that the defendant was not given enough time to prepare for his defence. This is because he was told the day before that he was payable in court the following day. He also did not understand the language, thus could not turn up in court.This could seem as unfair if the adjudicate were to prosecute him for this. Lastly, by having the discriminative review, the resolve are able to review the decisions of politicians and the public officials. They decide whether the politician was within their rights to state or make that decision. However, the disadvantage is that they do not examine the merits o f the decision as to what he impact will be on the society. By having a judicial review, it prevents politicians from making their own decisions for their own purposes without taking the interest of society into consideration.On the other hand strong justice is the mechanisms that the legal system has in place to provide a just outcome. For example, the judicial precedent. This is when decide treat like cases alike. This moves away from fertilisation precedent like overruling, distinguishing etc. Here, the principle of stare decisis is implemented. This is a policy of the courts to abide by the principles set out in previous cases like the Cunningham case for subjectively recklessness. It is also when the decision or manage to a question is answered by the valuate from a lower court it followed by to the rest of the courts.Another mechanism for substantive justice would be the sentencing. There are various aims of sentencing, but are they utilise correctly within society and allocated for the correct offences. For example within the summer riots, a women was sent to jail for 5 months for treatment stolen goods, when she received then, having slept through the riots in which they were taken. Would this be considered as fair and just if she did not in actual fact buy the goods, or have any relation to it, except for the fact that she was handed over them the following day.Another example of sentencing within the summer riots is when a man was sent for imprisonment for 4 years for neb messages on Facebook encouraging the riots. Would this be considered as fair for the defendant, in other words would he gain anything from being sent to prison? The answer to this would be no, this is because if he had a community sentence, he would know a lot more nearly his community and therefore able to make a difference. As illustrated by Gilbert, the earnestness of the criminality must be matched with the unassumingness of the penalty.Meaning, the type of crime the y committed, the sentence should be equivalents and a penalty from which they can learn from their mistakes. To conclude this, as stated from the above, there are various definitions to justice hence there is a problem of defining it. To gain perfect justice with any legal system is impossible. However, every legal system tries their utmost best to strain justice for each individual. Aiming to treat them and happen upon a fair and just solution. This showing that there is a relationship between the two historically and theoretically.